Sentence examples for owing to confounding from inspiring English sources

A systematic review of observational studies suggested that smoking cessation after bladder cancer is beneficial, but owing to confounding and methodological concerns of included studies no firm conclusions could be drawn.

All analyses of diagnostic accuracy measures will be performed for all participating hospitals combined, but allowing for hospital as a stratifying factor (failure to allow for hospital differences might lead to biased results owing to confounding).

First, because of the observational design of the included studies, we cannot rule out the possibility that the observed association between excess body weight and risk is owing to confounding from other risk factors.

However it has been difficult to interpret different land-use contributions to carbon pools owing to confounding factors related to climate, topography, soil texture and other original soil properties.

Adverse consequences of cocaine on human fetal brain development remain unclear owing to confounding factors such as time and dose of cocaine exposure, prenatal health, and exposure to other drugs.

Fourthly, although we used adjusted estimates from cohort studies, these results still could have been biased owing to residual confounding, in either direction, depending on the nature of the residual confounding.

Defining health effects due solely to alcohol consumption is complicated, though, owing to numerous confounding factors.

In view of the observational design of the study, these findings could be biased, owing to residual confounding.

On the other hand, the inverse association between alcohol drinking and HL might also be owing to unmeasured confounding factors.

We were concerned about the possibility of bias in our conventional analyses owing to residual confounding (that is, there may have been differences between patients prescribed different smoking cessation products that had not been accounted for by conventional methods).

It should also be kept in mind that if blood samples of patients are drawn at a rhythm that coincides with the pulsed therapeutic regimen, the results can be severely biased as potential treatment-induced oscillations might not be detected owing to a confounding of the treatment effect and the measurement frequency.