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Larvae that are metamorphic competent are more ovoid in shape than earlier larvae and express Ntu-Pax2/5/8 mostly in dorsal domains but also in ventral ones (summarized in Figs. 5 and 7l).
Most ctenophores, however, have a so-called cydippid larva, which is ovoid or spherical with two retractable tentacles.
The metamorphosis of the globular cydippid larva into an adult is direct in ovoid-shaped adults and rather more prolonged in the members of flattened groups.
The only comparative studies of ciliated larvae of closely related species with different life cycles appears to be observations on the larval stages of the indirectly developing echinoid Heliocidaris tuberculata with a normal echinopluteus larva and the direct developing H. erythrogramma and Pseudoboleta maculata, which have ovoid, uniformly ciliated larvae without a functioning gut.
Fruit: ovoid.
Fruit: < calyx, widely ovoid.
Seed: +- ovoid, +- angular, brown.
Fruit: ovoid, < hypanthium.
Fruit: ovoid, +- = hypanthium.
Seed: seeds ovoid to narrowly ovoid; appendage 0.4--0.5 0.4--0.5 0.4--0.5
Fruit: 5-valved, < calyx, +- ovoid.
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