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However, in two instances, no overt stimulation was employed (e.g., Figures 2BC & 7A).
Most secretory proteins are stored in granules, although constitutive secretion of proteins occurs in the absence of overt stimulation.
This model occurs in the absence of overt stimulation by an exogenous antigen such as CII, or adjuvant, or by artificially induced trauma to any of the sites of inflammation, and provides an excellent model that mirrors the human disease more closely than any previously described model of RP.
Furthermore, as already mentioned, the initial growth of a chemically induced tumor in the autologous host renders that host resistant to subsequent attempts to induce immune inhibition of the growth of an inoculum of the same tumor; the result of such a challenge may, in actuality, be some degree of overt stimulation rather than inhibition [ 10– 10].
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We have shown that as naïve CD8 T cells undergo proliferation in lymphopenic mice in the absence of overt antigenic stimulation, they progressively acquire phenotypic and functional characteristics of antigen-induced memory CD8 T cells.
In case of odorants including a trigeminal component, the corticospinal facilitation on hand muscles disappeared, in line with the concept that an overt noxious stimulation reduces the corticospinal output as tested by TMS [35], [36] and, more importantly, that a similar inhibitory modulation takes place during observation of painful actions [37].
We demonstrate that putative NF-κB target genes are up-regulated in the absence of overt cell stimulation in CD4+ T cells from older compared to younger persons.
Here we demonstrate that in the absence of overt cell stimulation gene expression mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB is higher in purified and rested human CD4+ T lymphocytes from older compared to younger individuals.
Interestingly, the top 10 up-regulated pathways in our analysis also included "Inflammation", "Cell adhesion" "IL1" and "Cytokine" pathways, which also contain putative NF-κB target genes, leading us to conclude that cells from older individuals exhibit elevated expression of NF-κB target genes in the absence of overt cell stimulation.
Because the patient was able to tolerate phrenic nerve stimulation without overt respiratory distress, intravenous morphine was discontinued and a Trilogy 200 Plus™ was reintroduced with her preoperative settings.
Unlike traditional activation paradigms, resting-state studies observe intrinsic spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in the absence of overt task performance or stimulation [24] [26].
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