(GP3) The findings suggested clearly that an overt risk factor is never ignored as seen in the second comment in box 2. However, it seems that the decision to refer is not always clearcut, nor dependent solely on the GP's judgement.
To limit potential confounding of somatic-nociceptive pain by overt psychological factors, we excluded patients from the orthopedic department who endorsed a comorbid psychiatric disorder.
31 Only in a few cases is it possible to identify overt risk factors for thromboembolism such as trauma, oral contraceptives, or hypercoagulable states.
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), the most common genetic heart disease, is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricle and the inter-ventricular septum (IVS), in the absence of overt etiological factors [ 23].
score being 2.1±1.1 in HCV-infected patients, 2.1±1.7 in HBsAg-positive patients, 2.2±0.4 in patients with HBV and HCV coinfection, 2.1±1.6 in patients with alcohol abuse and 2.0±0.5 in cases without overt risk factors.
This study demonstrated the development of HO in previously normal knee joints, not only in patients with brain injury but also in two patients with no overt predisposing neurogenic factor.
Given that glucose intolerance and insulin resistance precede the development of overt diabetes, these factors would be associated with CAD.
Even without overt conflict, other factors such as drought and political crises (e.g. as in Zimbabwe) have led millions of Africans to seek a better, safer and healthier life outside the borders of their own countries.
Indeed, microalbuminuria is a well-established risk factor for overt nephropathy and cardiovascular events but, unlike overt proteinuria (30), has never been associated with accelerated GFR decline in this population.
