Although intuitive from a biomedical perspective and visually appealing, the merit of these graphical representations now requires feedback, if not overt, objective comparison among them as well as others, from clinicians, health practitioners and patients.
In particular, a greater sensitivity of currently available antibody assays has been reported in detecting overt disease in comparison with subclinical infections, which may hamper seroepidemiological investigations.
MMSE summary score was reduced in patients with grade 3 of overt HE in comparison to patients with grade 1 HE (Table 4).
Even in the absence of overt contextual manipulations, comparisons between direct and averted gaze may indirectly manipulate the engagement of approach/avoidance mechanisms and other higher order social cognitive functions associated with direct and averted gaze, such as theory of mind responses to eye contact (Emery 2000; Senju and Johnson 2009; Shepherd 2010).
By comparison, more overt acting out behavior seems to drive referral for ADHD assessment in boys [ 3].
We also observed significantly increased plasma OPN levels among myeloma patients with overt bone disease in comparison to those who had normal bone radiologic findings.
These studies provide vital information for understanding inner speech, but in order to understand how inner speech differs from overt speech, a direct comparison between the two must be made.
Phonological inner speech displays the 'lexical bias effect' (the tendency for errors in speech production to produce other words rather than non-words) but not the 'phonemic similarity effect' (the tendency to mix similar phonemes in speech production), suggesting that it is phonetically impoverished in comparison to overt speech (Oppenheim and Dell, 2008).
The comparison with Mr. Gore, never overt, is implied.
Other studies reviewed here made direct comparison between inner and overt speech but used tasks that do not monitor participants' performance.
