E-language theorists often treat knowing a language as having an overt ability, where this is independent from facts about the mind/brain that underpin the ability and so of the differences between θ and θ*.
One simple empirical reason for suspecting that the distinction between competence and performance corresponds to a difference in reality is that people occasionally lose the overt ability to speak or understand a language, only to re-acquire the ability later on, more or less instantaneously, with no re-learning required.
We have shown that while for most patients with aphasia there is a high correlation between inner and overt speech abilities, some show preserved inner speech together with a marked deficit in overt speech, while others show the reverse pattern: impaired inner speech together with relatively intact overt speech.
Oh et al. [ 6] and Egi et al. [ 31] evaluated the cutoff value of the lower limit of normal (70%) in AT levels for ISTH non-overt DIC criteria, and showed that the diagnostic ability for overt DIC did not improve by adding AT to non-overt DIC criteria.
In the TD group, no relationships were found between parent-reports of the child's general anxiety, dental anxiety, or expressive communication ability and overt behavioral distress as rated by the dentist or video-coding.
Critic and blogger Kenny Waste comments on the significance of Queensbridge as a setting in Illmatic, writing, "The songs are made up largely of recollections or Nas describing his emotions, which range from feeling trapped to overt optimism about his abilities to escape the 'hands of doom'.
This is the first demonstration that the supplementation of tyrosine selectively targets, and reliably improves the ability to stop overt responses.
Various event-related and blocked designs were compared both in simulation and in experiments involving overt word reading in their ability to detect function and to avoid speech-induced motion artifact.
The primary endpoint of this study was the prevention of clinically overt HEV infection, but the ability of the vaccine to prevent asymptomatic infection and asymptomatic virus shedding was not investigated.
The existing evidence highlights the risks to using overt fear appeals and their ability to evoke maladaptive responses such as avoidance and distortion (Tanner et al, 1991; Schoenbachler and Whittler, 1996; Witte et al, 1998).
The improved ability to control overt illness symptoms through psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments, as highlighted in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) study [ 1], has afforded new opportunities for people with mental illness.
