Congress sought to address that concern in 1946, by passing the Administrative Procedure Act, which ensured a role for the judiciary in overseeing rule-making by agencies.
Last week, president-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who'll have the job of overseeing rule-making and regulations around Mexico's new marijuana law, unveiled a plan to change the country's drug strategy in several big ways.
The corporation finance director at the S.E.C. oversees rules about companies' securities sales and disclosures about their finances, plans and setbacks.
"Football is designed to have people run into people and get thrown to the ground, for lack of any other sophisticated term," said Jerry Diehl, assistant director of the National Federation of State High School Associations, which oversees rules for all interscholastic high school sports.
While high-profile and high-revenue sports like football and basketball get most of the attention, the N.C.A.A. is a vast organization that manages an annual budget of $661 million and oversees rules and regulations at more than 1,200 institutions, ranging from sprawling public universities to private liberal arts colleges.
The NFL league office, which oversees rules, referees and the college draft, gave up its tax-exempt status in 2015.
As treasury chief, Lew would oversee rules that seek to prevent such trading.
"The haranguing had zero effect," said Cass R. Sunstein, the White House official who oversees rule making.
Mr. Obama liked that idea so much that he named Mr. Sunstein to lead the White House office that oversees rule-making.
Rich McKay, the Falcons' president and a member of the N.F.L.'s competition committee, which oversees rule changes, has also recognized the difficulty of the challenge.
