Overload response of the stiffening frames in ship side structure due to ice loading is an important design consideration for ships operating in ice infested waters.
The accuracy of this functional profile is supported by the identification of known pathways associated with the iron overload (response to oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism).
Gene ontology (GO) analyses of these genes indicated that aged cells had increased "cell cycle arrest", increased "cellular response to stress", increased "ER overload response", and decreased "cell cycle" (e.g., Melk, Mapk3, etc).
Activation of NF-κB transcription factors is the hallmark of an ER stress response called the ER overload response.
One such mechanism is the so-called ER overload response that can activate NF-κB activation [ 60, 61].
ER stress is induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins (unfolded protein response, UPR) or by excessive protein demand caused by viral infection (ER overload response, EOR) [ 19, 21].
The cellular consequences are unusual in that the ordered polymers activate the ER overload response (EOR) in the absence of the canonical unfolded protein response.
The four elements of ER stress are (1) protein degradation, (2) endoplasmic overload response (EOR), (3) unfolded protein response (UPR) and (4) cellular death pathway.
Instead, they appear to trigger NF-κB signalling through release of calcium from the ER, which has been termed the 'ER overload response' (EOR) (19).
Several studies, in both humans and in animal models, have shown an inflammatory reaction both in established tendinopathy and in the early overload response.
To better cope with the stressful microenvironment, cells might evoke other cytoprotective responses to make them adapt to the unfavorable conditions, such as ER overload response or UPR [ 26].
