If two or more males copulate with a single female and their ejaculates temporally overlap, competition between spermatozoa for access to female eggs is expected [ 1, 2].
Due to their geographical overlapping, competition between enterprises of various ownership were often fierce, and disputes sometimes broke out when local-level enterprises encroached on the mining area of central- and provincial-level SOEs.
Disjointed reconstruction can lead to unnecessary competition, overlapping of projects, and excessively costly or incomplete implementation (Ophiyandri et al. 2013).
These equations can also be extended to account for competition for sites by TFs with similar binding affinity profiles, as well as competition for overlapping sites by molecules of a single type of TF.
This have been explained by overlapping phenomena such as competition for nutrients and resources, predation by natural microorganisms and the lack of ability to sustain activity and viability for longer periods (Steenson et al. 1987; Acea et al. 1988; Compeau et al. 1988; Knaebel et al. 1997; Gentry et al. 2004; Owsianiak et al. 2010).
Principal components analysis using a list of 20 reasons identified six factors, four of which contained overlapping items: Conformity/Boredom; Interpersonal Competition; Sexual Contact; Excessive Consumption; Interpersonal Conflict; and External Circumstances.
However, the mechanisms of gene regulation at overlapping sites, including TF competition, are not well understood.
It has been proposed that the potent effect of the Tor inhibitor rapamycin may be due to direct competition for overlapping phosphatidic acid binding sites within the FRB domain [ 76].
As an exemplary mechanistic explanation, and somewhat overlapping with the "avoid competition" hypothesis, there could be a locus that is maladaptive to the nucleus but favors an aggressive (faster replicating) cytotype 26, 30.
But the concept of "co-opetition" (Brandenburger and Nalebuff 1997) suggests also that success in competition means to develop networks with overlapping patterns of cooperation and competition.
