Reef loss results from a host of synergistic and growing environmental insults: overfishing, global change, ocean acidification, pollution, coral disease.
All of these, too, seem to be associated with various stresses man inflicts on marine ecosystems: overfishing, global warming, fertilisers running from land into rivers and estuaries, often the whole lot in concatenation.Some of the worrying changes may not be entirely the work of man.
Even before the disaster, catches were declining from overfishing and global warming.
The effects of pollution, overfishing and global warming, which can lead to coral bleaching, have all conspired to reduce coral cover here.
Few young women are interested in becoming free divers, while overfishing and global warming have eaten into stocks of their most prized catch, abalone, which sell for as much as 8,000 yen (£50) a kilo.
The goal, say biologists, is to perfect methods that could be used around the world to rescue reefs endangered by overfishing, pollution and global warming.
Many fisheries scientists argue that such reserves offer the best hope for restoring ecosystems stressed by overfishing, pollution and global warming.
The hope is that by protecting some of the most critical marine habitats, they can help stave off the relentless damage inflicted by overfishing, pollution and global warming.
In his 2011 book, "Four Fish: The Future of the Last Wild Food," Greenberg investigated overfishing in the global fisheries market by following four species (tuna, cod, sea bass, and salmon) that are consumed worldwide.
In response, we evaluate the scale and intensity of overfishing through a global systematic evaluation of the relative extinction risk for an entire lineage of exploited marine fishes sharks, rays, and chimaeras (class Chondrichthyes)—using the Red List Categories and Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
There's talk of overfishing and global warming, and the notion that sharks are attracted to increased shoreline activity.
