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These sudden large changes allow the virus to infect new host species and quickly overcome protective immunity.
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However due to quantitative and/or qualitative changes in the protective response during the chronic-phase, viruses overcome the protective host response and most likely evolve viral diversity that is resistant to virus specific immune responses.
In Botswana, for instance, where HIV has adapted to overcome the protective effects of the HLA-B*57 variant, seroprevalence (the frequency of HIV infection) is increased but viral replication capacity is reduced.
Antiserum to cachectin/TNF did not mitigate the febrile response of endotoxin-treated animals, and very high doses of endotoxin could overcome the protective effect.
Ligands that overcome the protective effects associated with up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins represent especially promising therapeutic leads.
Sensitization of cells to DNA-damage induced apoptosis with the Bcl-2/BCLxL inhibitor ABT-737 did not overcome the protective effect of Bcl11b at low to intermediate concentrations.
Notably, miR-29b mimic was able to overcome the protective role of BMSCs in an in vivo model [ 106].
Over time, high levels of FUS expression would overcome such protective function and result in the formation of pathological inclusions (Shelkovnikova, 2013).
The mTOR inhibition was sufficient to overcome the protective effect of SCF on nilotinib-induced apoptosis in both CML cell lines and progenitors.
However, molecular mechanisms allowing the blood-testis and blood-epididymis barriers to prevent metastatic spread to testis and how metastases overcome these protective mechanisms remain still unclear.
Thus, in ER+ breast cancer, the combination of ABT-199 with tamoxifen provides a new strategy to overcome the protective effects of BCL-2 and deliver efficacious therapies.
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