The aforementioned findings indicated that the 'protective' phenotype attributable to B*57 (e.g. Figure 2A) is a composite, i.e., an overall phenotype that is evident before accounting for the independent phenotypic effects of the SNPs in HLA-C and HCP5-G.
In conclusion, our results show that the overall phenotype of conditioned pain behavior depends on two dissociable reinforcement learning circuits.
Nonetheless, the overall phenotype of zMELK knockdown in zebra fish embryos is rather subtle, unlike the results by introducing MELK mutation in Xenopus and C. elegans.
This strategy increases the probability of unpredictable (synergistic or detrimental) interactions that may substantially affect the overall phenotype and its long-term performance.
However, it is not known whether loss of Elys has a similar effect in the mammalian intestine or whether the NPC and DNA repair defects each contribute to the overall phenotype.
In addition, the z3 mutant produced pale-green leaves (data not shown) and had a slower growth rate at the seedling stage (Additional file 1: figure S1c), although the overall phenotype of the z3 mutant is normal compared with the wild type during vegetative growth.
Hence, ILT3 and ILT4 expression may account for the inhibitory activity of these cells regardless of their overall phenotype.
Cox Proportional Hazard analysis was used to compute Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals [CI] and to adjust for sex, gender and plaque overall phenotype.
Since the overall phenotype of Rpn13−/− mice was consistent with disturbed hormonal balance in the KO animals, we performed blood cell and immune tissue analysis.
The overall phenotype of mutant mice at steady state and during regeneration is strongly reminiscent of age-related skeletal muscle abnormalities.
Beginning from 5 weeks of age, the difference in overall phenotype between most of dy3K/δE3 and wild-type mice became more evident.
