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Leptin and insulin are among the metabolic factors signaling the nutritional status of an individual to the hypothalamus, and their role in the overall modulation of the activity of GnRH neurons is increasingly recognized.
Therefore, 5 variables (duration, overall modulation, internal modulation, bandwidth and PC1) were used to describe syllables.
In addition, variance in overall modulation was higher from wild 2SVs (Table 4).
The other 4 variables (duration, overall modulation, internal modulation and bandwidth; see Figure 1c) were not subjected to PC analysis.
However, in both these cases, a somewhat less conservative estimate of 7 individuals making vocalizations, did suggest significant differences were present (747 of 1000 resamples significant for overall modulation of 1SV and 988 of 1000 for bandwidth between syllable 2 of 2SV).
Syllables recorded from wild California mice were consistently more modulated, both overall and internally, compared with syllables recorded from the wild and this higher modulation was significant in 1SVs (overall modulation) and the first syllable of 3SVs (internal modulation) (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3).
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Here, while it is noted that the number of antennas used does not affect the overall modulation-family classification performance, using the multistage approach does increase the observed classification performance by approximately two to three times.
Thus, the observed changes in the estimated-POM are indicative of changes in the percent variance attributed to overall modulations in the underlying rate under a wide range of assumptions.
We also included total power, an index of overall autonomic modulation summing the power in the LF and HF bands.
The majority of birds used both parameters to classify sound stimuli, although overall, amplitude modulation structure appeared somewhat more important.
A normalisation of neutron monitor count rate is suggested which can give an experimental measure of the overall solar modulation of cosmic rays.
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