In this article, we describe the microfluidic techniques elaborated for engineering emulsions and new dispersed materials and discuss their advantages over "top-down" approaches.
SENATOR HATCH: What we are seeing on the Internet is that decentralization -- ubiquity -- wins over top-down systems.
On one level, "Nexus" is a libertarian techno-fable about how bottom-up innovation will win out over top-down systems of control.
In her meet-and-greets with her district's voters, Omar spoke of following a "co-governance model," and emphasizing listening and learning over top-down prescriptions.
Despite the Forest Service's commendable action, such a policy seems as remote as ever, in part because Gale Norton, the interior secretary, has a strong preference for local stewardship over top-down federal management.
In general, this "bottom-up" approach is more advantageous over top-down when the frontier is large, as it will quickly identify and mark many nodes as visited.
In contrast, bottom-up synthesized nanostructures that usually form hexagonal symmetry of crystal morphology have inherent advantages over top-down fabricated structures such as high material quality, smooth facet, and high assembly throughput.
These "self-governing" organizations are highly transparent, value individual accountability over top-down decision-making, foster high levels of trust throughout the organization and strive to achieve long-term significance as opposed to focusing only on short-term success.
Indeed, behind that label lies a centuries-old brand of spiritual formation that includes a passion for social justice, a missionary zeal, a focus on engaging the wider world and a preference for collaboration over top-down action.
Rather than asserting a separation from the public, government, civil society, and even business organizations now 'engage'solicitcit advice from', and 'consult with' the public in patterns of authority that emphasize shared responsibility over top-down government [ 5- 10].
An alternative explanation based on the attentional control theory (Eysenck et al. 2007; Fiedler et al. 2003) points out that stress and anxiety facilitate the bottom-up, stimulus-driven system, which may transiently prevail over top-down control.
