Referring to the Apulia region, it has many analogies with other areas affected by chronic water scarcity, i.e: the rapid development of local economy, the changes in traditional agriculture practices and land use, the groundwater over-exploitation with consequent sea water intrusion, the climate changes.
The conservation outcome of such a distribution is that each population is subject to risk of over-exploitation with no subsequent chance of recolonization from external populations [27].
The reason for this subsidence remains largely unknown, although theories invoke environmental over-exploitation with all of its consequences as well as constant warfare in a landscape divided among numerous competing city-states as the main reasons.
ONE of the bigger environmental failures of the leading industrialised nations is their inability to deal with over-exploitation of fisheries.
The globeflower cannot respond to over-exploitation by Chiastocheta larvae with the selective abortion of parasitized fruits, as it only produces one to three flowers per blooming, whereas yucca and senita cactus produce hundreds of flowers.
Simon Clydesdale from the environmental group Greenpeace said that "for decades in Europe fishing has been a story of decline, with severe over-exploitation of fish stocks and small-scale fishermen squeezed out of business by a minority of fishing barons.
Jared Diamond dubbed the reasons for biodiversity loss as the 'evil quartet' - habitat loss, over-exploitation of species, invasive species together with the exotic diseases they introduce, and the breakdown of ecological networks.
The over exploitation of groundwater coupled with reduced rainfall pattern in recent past resulted in critical declining condition of groundwater in many parts of RUA.
The externalities associated with over exploitation of groundwater resources and the resulting widespread well failure is identified as one of the main reasons for pushing farmers into debt trap and one of the reasons for farmer suicides in India.
Over exploitation of medicinal plants with limited bioactive principles has provided templates to design synthetic drugs in AD e.g. rivastigmine, phenserine, eptastigmine based on chemical structure of physostigmine of Physostigma venenosum Balf.
The main ongoing threats include hunting, especially in eastern Asia, disturbance, coastal development, collision with overhead power lines and the over-exploitation of fish stocks.
