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These methods were used for modelling the over current relays operating curves [62].
From these modelled time-inverse characteristics, time dial settings (TDS) and operating time of the over current relays are calculated.
Besides the intermittent power generations of the DER in IM require adaptive setting of the over current relays.
In this article, the fitness function for optimal combine distance relays to over current relays coordination is formulated by adding new terms to the time inverse over current relay coordination fitness function as discussed in [6].
The time inverse-relay characteristics of over current relays are mathematically modelled using curve-fitting techniques.
Normally distribution lines and feeders are protected by over current relays [5].
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In adaptive relaying scheme, the settings of the over current relay are re-defined which are mal-operating due to DER fault current contribution in the distribution system.
Fig. 1 Over current to over current relay coordination.
The time inverse over current relay characteristics and different zones settings of distance relays are shown in the Fig. 3. Fig. 3 Distance to over current relay coordination.
The time-inverse curves of for an over current to over current relay coordination are shown in Fig. 1 for near end (F1) and far end (F2) faults.
In [84], the over current relay coordination in DER connected distribution systems are maintained by adaptive and non-adaptive relaying schemes.
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