Members of my family still hunt on the farm and, because of heavy crop damage, we have been allowed to use licensed hunters to kill deer outside the hunting season.
Vigilance decreased with increasing distance to houses, both during and outside the hunting season.
During the hunting season, vigilance decreased as the woodland extent within an 800 m radius increased, but this was not the case outside the hunting season.
During the hunting season, the total time spent vigilant while chewing increased with increasing food abundance to a lesser extent than outside the hunting season, suggesting a higher level of costly exclusive vigilance during the hunting season.
Outside the hunting season animals selected feeding sites that provided more food, but during the hunting season, as risk (proximity to houses) was positively correlated with food availability, animals no longer selected feeding sites on the basis of food availability.
We observed the vigilance behaviour of roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, feeding in a fragmented landscape during and outside the hunting season and compared food availability and local landscape features at these feeding sites with random paired sites.
The statistics collected on hunting showed that the average number of large game animals killed per day of the season was much higher during the hunting seasons in Kaibab and North zones than outside the hunting season in these zones, and also higher than for all other zones, both within and outside the hunting season (Table 1).
The values of the mi were assumed to be specific to each zone used by the condors and to be different between the hunting season and outside the hunting season.
It was not practical to model the daily probability of death from lead poisoning as a function of recent presence in all of the five zones within and outside the hunting season.
The daily blood lead increment was much lower outside the hunting season than within it for both the Kaibab and North zones, with the difference between hunting and non-hunting seasons being smaller and inconsistent in direction for the other zones (Table 1).
