Academics need support in involving government advisers right from the outset of the research process rather than at the end.
At the outset of a research project a mandatory planning phase should produce an effective protocol.
In our University-Industry Collaborations: Whose Data? mini-feature, we discovered that although it seems obvious that this issue should be dealt with at the outset of a research project, the answers are not always predetermined, and there have been cases where companies have applied conditions to the use of data after they have been generated.
This approach seeks to uncover ideas or concepts that may not have been anticipated at the outset of their research [ 39].
It was not possible to measure directly sampling effects in pairwise hybridizations comparing gene expression between individual cells (cell-vs-cell hybridizations), because at the outset of this research we did not know if two phenotypically identical cells were identical at the transcriptional level.
A scoping review published at the outset of the research [ 25] suggested that preventable deterioration and, in particular, medication errors and misdiagnosis (due to problems with communication and comprehension) were specific and pertinent issues faced by patients with intellectual disabilities; these safety issues therefore formed specific lines of enquiry (see Table 1).
One aim of the RePHS study was to compare how each province articulated their provincial policy directions related to PHHR at the outset of this programme of research.
'IDC estimates there were 21.03 million software developers in the world at the outset of 2017,' said Arnal Dayaratna, research director, Software Development at IDC. 'IDC estimates that 11.13 million are full-time developers, 5.77 million are part-time developers, and 4.13 million are nonprofessional developers.
At the outset of data collection, the research team did not intend to explicitly investigate opinions of and experiences with family planning.
At the outset of data collection, the research team did not intend to explicitly investigate experiences of abuse, but rather to explore careseeking for birth in facilities.
