In addition, physiologic parameters including cardiac output, heart rate, pH, PCO2, PO2, plasma ionized calcium, sodium, and potassium were monitored.
During the observation period, both groups of animals developed high-output heart failure as shown by an increased cardiac index and a reduced vascular resistance [36].
Minimal changes were detected in mean values of arterial, pulmonary, and central venous pressures; cardiac output; heart rate; and mixed venous saturation during repeated testing.
No statistically significant differences caused by position were found in mean CaO2, cardiac output, heart rate, respiratory rate, PaO2, SaO2, or lactate level.
Hypovolemia was evaluated by the list of clinical signs: thirst, dry mucous membranes, such as the mouth, loss of skin elasticity, tachypnea, capillary refill time, urinary output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and CVP (mmHg) when available.
Nowadays, in order to decide to undertake ultrafiltration or not, clinicians likely take into account some criteria like baseline levels of arterial pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, cardiac preload (assessed by the global end-diastolic volume in our study).
Standing and pacing between shifts offers a realistic in-game solution to help slow the precipitous drop in cardiac output (heart rate and stroke volume) that typically occurs with passive rest.
DEX was not associated with any adverse hemodynamic effect in terms of cardiac output, heart rate, mixed venous oxygen saturation, central venous-arterial pCO2 gradient and NE requirements as compared to placebo.
Main Outcome Measures: Central hemodynamic responses of stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and rate pressure product (RPP) were evaluated by impedance cardiography.
