It enables to establish new varieties of plant species with specific input and output traits [1].
Output traits aim to improve the quality of agricultural products, e.g. increasing fibre or lowering the fat content.
Second-generation GMP feeds (with output traits) may influence the composition and quality of animal feeds, especially the fatty acid composition.
Furthermore, such output traits are considered to be more acceptable to consumers and have thus been the focus of commercially funded as well as academic projects.
There is also growing interest in a qualitatively different class of output traits.
No size or reproductive output traits varied significantly among families (Table 1B).
However, most EPDs published by breed associations focus on output traits, especially weight traits, at marketing points in the production cycle, as well as meat quality and yield.
Here, we took two overlapping genomic approaches to further catalog the repertoire of transcription factor use within the oscillator and in expression of output traits.
We also examined expression of downstream genes and circadian-mediated output traits, including starch and chlorophyll content, in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid hybrids.
A second approach to the improvement of efficiency is to select for decreased AFI relative to performance via the formulation of a selection index that includes output traits such as weight or growth rate (Herd et al. 2003).
Genes for input traits such as insect [ 14, 39] and herbicide resistance [ 23], salt [ 32] and drought tolerance [ 15] and pathogen resistance [ 40] as well as output traits such as the production of therapeutic proteins [ 19, 41- 43] are targeted to IGS regions to avoid disruption of endogenous genes.
