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Minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring devices use one of four main principles to measure cardiac output: Pulse contour analysis, pulsed Doppler technology, applied Fick principle, and bioimpedance/bio-reactance.
Since little time separates these events, the deposited energies add together to determine the overall size of the output pulse.
Individual particles of various kinds and energies entering a Geiger-Müller counter produce essentially the same large output pulse, making the instrument an excellent counter of individual particles.
We can get the output pulse in time domain.
The results showed that for any initial input fields, once the stable output pulse was formed, the output pulse energy would increase with decreasing CL, or increasing ΦNL.
Figure 11 illustrates the deviation in output pulse width with control voltage variations.
Analysis proves the dependence of output pulse width on hysteresis and thus on control voltages.
With input pulse power of 1.5 mW, the amplifier provides 70 W in the output pulse.
The output pulse energy instability of the laser system is less than 0.6% for one hour.
The output pulse width can also be set to match the transducer operating frequency.
With 1.8 mJ input seed pulses, output pulse energies of around 150 mJ were achieved.
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