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Access to the written output of research is only part of true transparency.
The final step in this exercise was to compare our selected journals against the total output of research papers.
At the MIT Media Lab, this pattern accounted for almost half of the differences in creative output of research groups.
The United States dominates the total output of research journal articles, but Sweden is the biggest producer of articles per head of population.
Founders have a lot of opportunities to find new solutions to these processes, and potentially have a multiplier effect on the output of research.
Sequencing efforts are remarkable since the direct raw output of research activities is not subject to patent protection, while their potential impact on further research remains immense, especially with respect to the rice genome, viewed as the "Rosetta stone of cereals".
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This distinguishes them from the primary, or direct, outputs of research processes such as journal articles, other publications, and trained researchers.
In contrast, open access publishing "provides a more cost-efficient means of disseminating the outputs of research funded from the public purse".
Second, funders can require that only those outputs of research that comply with access and citation policies can be claimed as results from prior research.
"My research is empirical, so I use data to try to learn how science works". Part of that learning process places Hill at his laptop, analyzing "outputs" of research such as publications or citations.
As described in the paper, this procedure now deploys a techno-economic model (TEM) which links quantitatively the inputs and outputs of: research and design, investment and production, sales and marketing over any given time period.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com