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Reverberation limitation is implemented by assuming an associated inhibitory neuron can classify inputs as being intra-layer or inter-layer and gate an output collateral accordingly.
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To summarise, the crucial requirement to copy large networks is a phase without external sensory stimulus in which (i) depolarisation of the neuron can be categorised as coming from either intra-layer or inter-layer afferents and, (ii) collateral (output) gating can limit the outgoing spike to inter-layer collaterals on the basis of this categorisation.
However, the only intrinsic source of feedback to the main basal ganglia output nucleus, the SNr, is the microcircuit formed by collaterals of projection neurons (Deniau et al., 2007b).
Although these collaterals decompress the portal circulation, the increased cardiac output enhances portal blood flow and tends to counteract the portal hypotensive effect of the portosystemic shunt.
Inadequate pelvic collateral circulation that leads to a greater decrease in cardiac output may be causative in the syndrome.
The appearance of fields in the output layer of the model is fully independent of the presence of collateral connections.
Collateral synapses provide sufficient inhibition to regulate the gain of the output of the basal ganglia even during strong activation of the network.
Each unit in the (output) patch receives Cff= 750 FF connections from the input array, and Crc= 500 recurrent collateral (RC) connections from other units in the patch.
The Schaffer collaterals are among the major glutamatergic inputs to CA1 pyramidal neurons, the primary output of the hippocampus, which also receive sparse recurrent inputs from pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02397.004 Local axon collaterals of projection neurons provide a source of feedback inhibition proportional to the output of the SNr.
In this study, we show that feedback via axon collaterals of substantia nigra projection neurons control the gain of the basal ganglia output.
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