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However, these hydrocyclones are typically limited to conventional shapes or restricted to specific outlet sizes, which can lead to sub-optimal performance.
The transmitted MeV ion beams had density enhancement up to 1000 according to the capillary outlet sizes, which are applicable to various material analyses employing microbeams.
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In general this happens when the outlet size is not wide enough.
Moreover, the critical height increases with increasing hopper half angle or silo diameter, while it remains nearly constant first and then decreases with the increase in outlet size.
Hopper Index (HI, maximum hopper angle required for mass flow) and Arching Index (AI, minimum hopper outlet size to prevent cohesive arch formation) were computed using Mathcad©.
The hopper discharge rate has been computed as a function of material head height, outlet size and the hopper half-angle.
In both cases, there is a considerable scattering of experimental data, but limiting functional relations have been obtained that allow practical determination of safety values for mass flow hopper outlet size and slope as a function of the flowability index.
In order to obtain such a predictive tool, we have studied the relationships, for 90 powders, between (1) the mass flow hopper outlet size and flowability index, and (2) the mass flow hopper slope and flowability index.
The effects of material head in the hopper, the outlet size and the hopper half-angle were investigated to predict material discharge rates as well as the wall stress profiles during both filing and discharge.
Experimental findings on sand production can be categorized into four different effects: the flowing fluid characteristics effect, the material characteristics effect, the loading effect, and the outlet size effect.
The volume of the droplet dispensed through the outlet was also affected by the flow resistance, which is determined by the outlet size.
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