Importantly, commercial amygdalin not only induced neurite outgrowth but also increased the expression of multiple neuronal biomarkers (e.g., β3-tubulin, GAP43, and MAP-2).
Administration of replication-competent retroviruses to susceptible mouse strains leads to tumor development, as a result of multiple insertion events and the outgrowth of clones containing one or more proviruses activating growth-controlling genes [15].
Because the serial transplant tissues are composed of multiple cell types, the precancer outgrowths are not precisely a clonal derivative of a single cell.
Neurotrophic molecules not only stimulates neurite outgrowth for several neuronal cell types in vitro but also stimulates regrowth of multiple descending axon tracts within the spinal cord following injury [ 30].
BDNF not only stimulates neurite outgrowth for several neuronal cell types in vitro, but also stimulates regrowth of multiple descending axon tracts within the spinal cord following injury [ 33– 33].
Exacoustos et al. who reported the presence of endophytic outgrowths and multiple septations as characteristic features of borderline tumors also confirmed these observations.
Looking in detail at the Alizarin Red labeling of multiple preparations at successive stages shows how different modes of outgrowth contribute to the bone's changing form.
Brn-3a regulates neuronal outgrowth and prevents apoptotic cell death of sensory neurons by activating the promoters of multiple factors, including Trk A receptors and Bcl-2 [21], [22], [22].
Overexpression of multiple constructs (DsRed and GCaMP2) had no deleterious effect on rates of postcrossing axon outgrowth, which grew at 114% of the rate of controls expressing only one construct (a nonsignificant increase).
