Transgenics had significantly greater axillary meristem outgrowth (branching), shorter internode length, and up to a 30% reduction in stem lignin content compared to stem lignin of the wild-type (trunk stem from shoot apex down to node 10).
When SLs are exogenously applied to the rice d10-1 muthat thas has a highly branched phenotype caused by a defect in the SL biosynthesis gene (CCD8), they inhibit tiller bud outgrowth (branching in rice) of the mutant.
Dendritic morphology is continuously refined by multiple interrelated pathways controlling outgrowth, branching, guidance, and pruning (Corty et al. 2009).
For simplicity, we only differentiated between initial neurite outgrowth in the developing embryo and dendrite maturation, which includes morphological changes during later outgrowth, branching, guidance, and pruning.
Effects on ductal outgrowth were analyzed at 4 weeks, 7 weeks and 20 weeks after transplantation for total ductal outgrowth, branch density, and number and area of terminal end buds.
Because no defects in dendrites were detected 16.5 h AEL, we concluded that impaired Unc-104 function during later outgrowth, branching, guidance, and pruning leads to the defects in larval dendrite morphology described here.
The architecture of dendritic arbors is a defining characteristic of neurons and is established through a sequential but overlapping series of events involving process outgrowth and branching, stabilization of the global pattern, and synapse formation.
In addition to regulating axon guidance and cell migration, Slit-Robo signaling plays a role in process outgrowth and branching.
In sma-1 mutants, gland projections form normally but become increasingly abnormal over time, acquiring additional branches, outgrowths, and swelling, suggestive of hypertrophy.
The core of this structure (dashed circle) formed shortly after seeding and grew in size before the two branching outgrowths formed.
