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where Vp = CSF production rate (µl min−1), ri = infusion rate (µl min-1), Ci = fluorescence of inflow solution, Co = fluorescence of outflow solution.
Adsorption spectra were continuously collected and averaged for each 2 mL of the outflow solution, until 38 mL, when the signal reached equilibrium.
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The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH values of the experimental outflow solutions were continuously monitored.
Stoichiometry of the outflow solutions indicated that basaltic glass was preferentially dissolved in agreement with previous modeling predictions.
Cation concentrations in column outflow solutions indicated that U was retained in the columns containing tree bark but was released from the sand-only columns.
Isotope fractionations (ε values) were calculated from the measured differences in sulfate δ34S between in- and outflow solutions of the reactors, under quasi-steady state conditions.
We measured flow dynamics through the aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) at different Ao pressures and assessed the heart's appearance, turbidity of the outflow solutions, and coronary perfusion efficiency.
An idea that EUV exposed upper atmospheres expand dynamically to larger distances is also confirmed by more sophisticated models such as that of Chassefière (1996), and Tian et al. (2008a, b, 2009) which matched subsonic outflow solutions to Jeans boundary conditions at the exobase.
Next to the ADAF, two additional radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs) exist: The advection-dominated inflow-outflow solution (ADIOS) (Blandford and Begelman 1999; Begelman 2012) and the convection-dominated accretion flow (CDAF) (Narayan et al. 2000; Quataert and Gruzinov 2000), which include respectively, the physical effects of outflows and convection.
These are for inflow and outflow of nutrient solution, respectively.
Chemical denudation rates for FB dissolution products were calculated from the concentration difference between outflow and inflow solutions.
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