The observed heterozygosity was significantly correlated with outcrossing rates among populations (r2 = 0.783; P<0.001) although no obvious correlation between outcrossing rates and genetic diversity parameters was observed.
Both processes can decrease outcrossing rates and genetic variation in remnant stands.
Pollen movement was also evaluated by the analysis of outcrossing rates using seven nuclear microsatellites.
Yeasts can replicate by sexual and asexual reproduction but have relatively low outcrossing rates (Tsai et al. 2008).
The outcrossing rates thus estimated are found to agree well with those directly extracted from Monte Carlo simulation.
We halved worms before in vitro breeding and evaluated whether this affected outcrossing rates and reproductive output.
We find that current prescriptions for field trials are likely to lead to escape of transgenes into wild populations when outcrossing rates are moderate and hybrids are fertile.
Gene flow between CL rice and red rice is a concern, and even at the low outcrossing rates in these experiments, approximately 170 resistant plants/ha resulted.
The species is a prolific flowerer, and this, combined with the very high outcrossing rates, results in massive seed output.
Populations in relatively intact bushland have high outcrossing rates, but those in more disturbed environments are both more inbred on average, and more variable.
Selection against self-pollinated seed has been observed, but the species has nonetheless been shown to have one of the lowest outcrossing rates of any Banksia.
