'Benchmark' short-term clinical outcomes are preferred over long-term outcomes due to difficulties in follow-up, recording and maintenance of medication adherence in a geographically large and culturally diverse region.
Subjects indicated that short-term AEs with relatively certain outcomes are preferred to long-term AEs with uncertain outcomes.
For some but only some types of goods, improving sequences of outcomes are preferred to declining sequences.
Also, it is unclear which framework (modeling future behavior change or calculating ICERs for cognitive outcomes) is preferred under which conditions.
Consequently, more research is needed on which intermediate outcomes are preferred in order to achieve some standardization and comparability between studies.
Similarly, studies of effectiveness and long-term or serious harms outcomes are preferred over studies of efficacy and short-term tolerability.
The expected utility of an act is a weighted average of the utilities of each of its possible outcomes, where the utility of an outcome measures the extent to which that outcome is preferred, or preferable, to the alternatives.
46 Hence, all these investigations show limited evidence of pivotal differences between various drug classes; treatment success is dependent on which collateral outcome is preferred.
The best ROI is dependent on its goal: when used to quantify tumour FDG uptake or metabolism, the ROI that yields the best correlation with clinical outcome is preferred.
