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When these are finite (e.g., the number of heads in a three-coin toss), the random variable is called discrete and the probabilities of the outcomes sum to 1.
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The outcome sum of skinfolds, was calculated by summarizing the four skinfold sites.
Regression analysis will be used to evaluate continuous outcome (sum scores) variables, with group (intervention or control group) as independent variable and the baseline values as covariates.
Realist review was originally developed by Pawson for complex social interventions to explore systematically how contextual factors influence the link between intervention and outcome (summed up in the question "what works, how, for whom, in what circumstances and to what extent?") [ 12, 13].
Notice that since each demographic factor has a non-linear effect on the economic outcomes, the sum of both demographic components is not equal to the total effect.
Since there are no other possible outcomes, the sum of these two probabilities must be unity.
First, this intervention produced several potential positive outcomes, the sum of which should be considered the full program outcome; this study has only assessed costs per individual disease outcomes.
(co-dependence is illustrated by arrow A in Fig. 1 and independence suggests the absence of arrow A); (ii) Is the overall effect of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease on cognitive outcomes additive (sum of arrows B in Fig. 1) or synergistic (arrow C in Fig. 1)?
Deaths attributable to a single risk factor across different disease outcomes were summed to obtain the total attributable mortality to that particular risk factor.
We calculated the mean ER per outcome category (access to care, health behaviour, and health outcomes) by summing the ERs per outcome category and dividing the total score by the total number of ERs for that particular category.
The cost and QALY outcomes are summed at the end of the 24 week trial and a comparison drawn between the patients who received the intervention and those who received usual care.
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