Sentence examples for outcomes reinforcement from inspiring English sources

According to Albert et al [1], interbreeding between distinct species can result in a variety of evolutionary outcomes (reinforcement (sensuDobzhansky [2]), genetic extinction [3], [4], speciation [5], enhanced genetic diversity [6] and novel genetic combinations [7] [10].

Where gene flow between somewhat distinct genomes is not contained by the formation of hybrid zones [ 8] or abrupt speciation [ 16], it can have numerous outcomes; reinforcement of reproductive barriers, the evolution of a new species, the loss of one or both parental species, limited adaption due to homogenization, or provide a means to pass adaptive traits between populations [ 6- 8, 17, 18].

Moreover, there is ample evidence that DAAs disrupt appropriate feedback from negative outcomes in reinforcement learning.

Traditional views postulate that the striatum, which includes the caudate nucleus, contributes to behavioral evaluation through updates based on differences between the observed and expected outcomes through reinforcement learning (Daw et al., 2006; Williams and Eskandar, 2006).

In fact, the long-standing, natural hybrid zones that form the core of most empirical research presumably represent examples of secondary contact that have not resulted in the alternative outcomes of reinforcement, extinction, or fusion of young lineages.

The corresponding outcome (food reinforcement or nonreinforcement) was delivered after satisfaction of a fixed-ratio 10 (Experiment 1) or a fixed-ratio 1 (Experiment 2).

The powerlessness scale reflected the adolescent's expectancy as to whether his/her behavior can determine the outcome or reinforcement he/she seeks.

The alienation variant powerlessness is characterized by 'the expectancy or probability held by the individual that his own behavior cannot determine the occurrence of the outcomes, or reinforcements, he seeks' [10].

For example, the poor applicability of process theories of motivation in cultures where the linkages among actions, outcomes, and reinforcements are less likely to follow in sequence has been demonstrated (13).

Arriving much too late to affect the outcome, these reinforcements were intercepted off the islands and scattered during the Action of 14 17 April 1809: half the force failed to return to France.

Simple slopes analyses indicated that heightened trait-impulsivity predicted greater increases in positive reinforcement outcome expectancies at 48 h of abstinence.