"They can be afraid of a range of outcomes from experiencing an orgasm, like becoming addicted to sex, or to feeling like they're cheating if they orgasm solo [during masturbation]," she said.
All participants were asked if they felt there had been any positive outcomes from their experience.
Previous observational studies have analyzed epidemic patterns and outcomes from actual experience in which school closures were either coincident with a holiday or vacation period [ 6].
Given the lack of evidence for the short- or long-term learning outcomes from IPE experiences, we sought to explore the reflections of graduates on the IPE experiences they had during their undergraduate education.
URSSA is grounded in extensive qualitative research identifying student outcomes from UR experiences (Hunter et al., 2007; Seymour et al., 2004).
Concerns have been raised by us and others about relying on student reporting of outcomes from research experiences (Corwin Auchincloss et al., 2014; Corwin et al., 2015), primarily because of lack of evidence that student reports of knowledge or skill gains accurately reflect their learning (Falchikov and Boud, 1989).
These positive outcomes emerged from experiences lasting only about one semester.
We tested pigeons (Columba livia) and humans in formally identical choice tasks where all outcomes were learned from experience.
To our surprise, there were few to no qualitative or quantitative differences in students' reports of their outcomes from the UR experience when examined along variables that we expected would be salient, such as gender or race/ethnicity.
This paper makes a range of observations, and sometimes suggestions, on matters pertinent to eventual definition of the soundscape; on outcomes of interest arising from experience of a soundscape; on the role of context in assessment; on sound sources in different places; and on relevant lessons for soundscape assessment from experience of questionnaire measurement of noise annoyance.
