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If a mechanism has the property that, in each possible state of the world, the set of equilibrium outcomes equals the set of optimal outcomes identified by the social choice rule, then the social choice rule is said to be implemented by this mechanism.
Vertical line a represents approximate timing of Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia 3, wave 1. Vertical line b represents approximate timing of Continuous Survey of Australia's Migrants, cohorts 1 and 2, wave 1. "visa outcomes" equals visas granted, less visas revoked.
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be confident that these actions were guided by an understanding of equality, because in all cases they offered one and only one sticker, which made the outcomes equal," the researchers reported.
It is also possible to compare a model with only alternative constants (assigning probability to outcomes equal to the observed share of the outcomes in the dataset).
Future trials will need to weight biomarker outcomes equal to cognitive outcomes especially when the biomarkers are linked to specific mechanisms, such as changes to beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition or brain volume.
The law of large numbers in a general form tells us that a measure one set of sequences of independent trials of such a process will have limit frequencies of outcomes equal to (p, 1 − p).
A second type of problem in the statistical analysis of count data occurs "when observations with outcomes equal to zero are missing from the sample because of the way the data were collected" [30, p. 381].
Therefore, any attempt to preserve the larynx while achieving the treatment outcomes equal to surgical results is warranted.
Arthroscopic surgery is performed more than twice as frequently as open surgery and studies show that it carries lower rates of complication with outcomes equal to or better than alternatives.
To eliminate possible bias due to day-to-day differences in staining outcomes, equal numbers of epithelia from each experimental group were processed in parallel in all runs of the immunolabeling protocol.
We then calculated the annual measures of mean and total CVL from 2004 to 2008 and used Poisson models to assess the relationships between these two annual CVL measures and newly reported HIV diagnoses in 2004 2008; robust standard errors, which relax the Poisson assumption that the variance of the outcome equals its mean, were used to account for potential over-dispersion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com