Our primary outcome, cognitive functioning, consists of four compound performance indices, namely psychomotor speed, memory, cognitive flexibility and planning.
The impact of this dietary modification on blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and oxidative stress was also studied given consistent evidence of positive effects of flavanols on these outcomes (13, 14, 19– 21) and the potentially influential role of these outcomes on cognitive function (3– 5).
Ancillary outcomes included: cognitive function, depression, and health care use.
Secondary outcomes and cognitive function will be analysed with multiple regression analyses and other suitable statistical methods.
Where associations were found between anaemia and particular outcomes (mortality, cognitive function, disability) or medication use, these were also noted.
There are two common multivariable linear regression approaches to modelling changes in metric (interval level of measurement) outcomes like cognitive function [ 29- 33].
While this study focus on the mortality and hospitalizations of adults over the age of 65 with a specific admission for neurological disorder, previous studies have reported direct effects of particles on neurological outcomes including cognitive function.
The results indicate significant positive associations of interactions between social/behavioral factors and the ADRB2 genotypes with health outcomes of cognitive function and self-reported health, and negative associations of carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles with negative emotion, at advanced ages in China.
The groups did not differ significantly at baseline on cognitive reserve, age, gender, and ethnicity, nor on the outcome variables (cognitive function, mood, & depression).
Sample size estimates (alpha 0.05, beta 0.20) are based on planned comparisons for the main effects of PRT and CT, as well as the effect of combined training vs. either intervention in isolation on our primary outcome: global cognitive function as assessed by ADAS-Cog.
