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This approach combines the methodological superiority of randomization with the large numbers of patients required to investigate clinically relevant issues where differences between outcomes are small but relevant.
In summary, the deviations between predicted and observed redistribution outcomes are small (about 0.6) and do not differ across treatments in the random dictator procedure, but deviations are large (about 2.8) and significant in the majority voting treatments.
The findings across reviews suggest that CBT is marginally superior to treatment as usual, but the effect sizes for key outcomes are small (around 0.2) and the clinical significance of these effects remain unclear [ 7].
As numbers of nursing sensitive outcomes are small in this WA paediatric population, comparisons of differences in rates may not be reliable, particularly when there are fewer than 5 records [ 50].
Similar(56)
Changes in other functional/disability outcomes were small.
Furthermore, the influence of these parameters on the cost-effectiveness outcomes was small.
This is not so troubling, perhaps, when the variance (a measure of the spread of the distribution of outcomes) is small, so that getting an outcome close to the expectation is probable; but what about when the variance is large?
Lingard et al. (2003) noted that the "principal's effects on student outcomes were small and indirect" (pp. 51), but, "teachers have the greatest impact upon student learning of all 'educational variables'.
The limited UK-based literature available suggests that the potential value of reducing prenatal smoking in mothers on children's educational outcomes is small, with a reduction unlikely to bring about any considerable benefits or cost-savings over the long-term.
The number of outcomes was small in this analysis though.
The risk of overfitting a model increases if the number of outcomes is small [ 32].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com