12. Were the study outcomes valid?
To assess subjective health outcomes, valid questionnaires for both parents and children were used and translated into Arabic.
53 54 55 Our findings reinforce the importance of formally evaluating the acceptability of biomarkers and intermediate outcomes as valid surrogate outcomes and quantifying the association of treatment effect between the surrogate and patient relevant final outcomes and its uncertainty.
By contrast, in modern mass electorates, in which millions of individual votes are aggregated into a collective choice, formalization and standardization of voting practices and vote counting are required to ensure that the outcome is valid, reliable, and legitimate.
Despite being on a resource restrained setup, we can achieve good outcome with valid alternative limited approaches.
An ideal outcome is valid, reproducible, relevant to the target population (eg, patients), and responsive to changes in the health condition being studied.
Several studies have shown that a low glutamine concentration, associated with an unfavourable outcome, is valid for some 30% of ICU patients [ 4, 5].
Further studies are required to determine the likely level of intervention in the standard care arm in multiple centres, to develop additional placental biomarkers and to confirm that the composite outcome is valid.
We tested whether the UPR subclass model that describes the relationship between gene expression and outcome was valid in response to the broad range of stress induced by varying concentrations of Tm.
Further work is required to determine the likely level of intervention in the standard care arm in multiple centres, to develop additional placental biomarkers and to confirm that the composite outcome is valid.
