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In some circumstances, the added expense may not be necessary as shown here and by others [34], where experimental outcome using a single, stable reference gene was equivalent to that observed when using the geometric mean of multiple, stable reference genes.
PS methods thus permit control for all observed confounding factors that might influence both choice of treatment and outcome using a single composite measure, without requiring specification of the relationships between the control variables and outcome, which differs from a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
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The linked data set allowed us to undertake a competing risk analysis to estimate the association between risk factors and CVD (and non-CVD) outcomes using a single cohort of individuals.
The clinical and molecular heterogeneity within breast cancer suggests that it is unlikely that one may accurately determine unique characteristics of tumours or predict patient clinical outcomes using a single or a small group of gene markers.
Here, we compare the outcomes using a large single-center cohort.
This denotes the significance of using a panel of genes for predicting patient's outcome rather than using a single gene.
For instance, different types of wheelchairs for different types of disabilities could be compared using a single outcome (QALY gains).
Our results challenge the practice of using a single outcome measure to quantify the naturally multidimensional mechanisms for everyday functions such as balance.
This makes it harder to measure impact using a single outcome indicator and underlines the need for careful matching of methods of training and data collection between social audit cycles.
Rather than using a single outcome measure per study, like the diagnostic odds ratio in the summary ROC approach, the bivariate model preserves the two-dimensional nature of diagnostic data by directly analysing the logit transformed sensitivity log sens/ 1-sens)) and specificity log sens/ 1-sens)) of eand specificitysinglog spec/ 1-spec
The secondary outcome of clinical cure is measured using a single item where the patient by the end of each day answers if her symptoms of urinary tract infection are completely gone.
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