Exact(1)
An instrument for trait A must be: 1. reliably associated with trait A; 2. associated with the outcome (trait B) only through trait A and 3. independent of unobserved confounders that influence traits A and B after conditioning on observed confounders.
Similar(59)
When discrete outcome traits were analyzed, a threshold model was assumed.
Given the complementary study designs and similar procedures for data collection and generation of the cognitive and neuropathologic outcome traits, we pooled data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project for our analyses, consistent with numerous prior studies [17], [23].
Generalized linear models were used to test genotype associations for continuous outcome traits (i.e. height, weight, BMI and DEXA measures of adiposity).
Expanding resources of existing knowledge can be used to direct new analyses investigating the relationship between genetic architecture and outcome traits, as well as provide more information for interpreting analysis results.
Therefore, we also tested each SNP for genome-wide association with modeled HDL-C as the outcome, a trait which censors by onset of relevant co-morbidities or usage of lipid-modifying drugs and adjusts for population trends in age and BMI [17].
Other than QRS duration, no other outcome or trait was associated with European or African ancestry in sex-combined analyses.
This supported our intuition that with high levels of virus control on trait outcomes, similar outcomes tended to congregate around closely related tips.
Grounded on the experimental outcomes, the traits, merits and demerits of each spatial information encoding approach are eventually summarized.
Originally based on portions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [10], the CMHO is the most commonly used hostility measure and is a valid predictor of medical, psychological, and interpersonal outcomes of trait-based hostility [53].
Primary cross-sectional outcomes were traits previously observed to be associated with rs780094, including serum fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, DM, and CRP.
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