Recent work has shown the harmful effect of selective outcome reporting on the findings of systematic reviews 3 and also the lack of awareness among people who conduct systematic reviews of this potential problem.
The benchmark set by temozolomide was chosen as the historical comparator for our study rather than the outcome reported on previous bevacizumab studies because the latter had not been validated in a multi-institutional setting when this study was designed.
Previous PHDS studies examining outcomes reported on more than one dataset have accepted any report of the condition of interest as a "case" [ 13- 15].
For continuous outcomes reported on non-standard scales, standardized mean difference (SMD) were used.
Our two main outcomes (reporting on use of a surrogate outcome and of its validity) are presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals.
Three studies focused on yoga effects on knee OA with positive outcomes reported on symptoms including pain, flexibility, functional disability, anxiety, and quality of life [ 18- 20].
Outcomes reported on patients who crossed over to the combination arm upon progression were summarised using data before the cross-over from single-agent selumetinib.
Consistent reporting was defined as the mother reporting the same response (either 'yes', 'no' or 'missing') at each survey for each child, with outcomes reported on a per child basis.
There is no restriction on the cancer type or stage of participants' care recipients, which may influence the psychological outcomes reported on the various measures, in addition to the intervention.
To evaluate the impact of FM severity, outcomes reported on the subject questionnaires and CRFs were compared across 3 FM severity level classifications (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe) using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
