Participants read vignettes in a 2 × 2 × 2 design: protagonists produced either a negative or neutral outcome, based on the belief that they were causing the negative outcome or the neutral outcome; presentation of belief information either preceded or followed outcome information.
By contrast, the late component of Si representation re-appeared 70 ms following outcome presentation.
In these studies, a shift of subjective action time due to outcome presentation reflects retrospective action awareness.
(B ) Classifiers trained around 400 ms after Si presentation and tested 70 ms after outcome presentation decode the object category previously associated with the Sd.
Moore and Haggard (2008) have previously shown that outcome presentation shifts subjective action time under conditions of low outcome predictability, as achieved by lowering the probability of outcome occurrence (the "whether" of the outcome).
Classifiers were built for each time bin following Si presentation, and tested on each time bin following Sd and outcome presentation during the Reward phase, giving rise to (Association) time*(Reward) time maps of classification performance.
However, our key finding is an enhancement of action binding in "variable outcome timing" blocks from "action only" trials to "action + tone" trials, i.e., a clear retrospective process that follows outcome presentation.
All of the published abstracts had at least one minor inconsistency (title, authors, research center, outcome presentation, conclusion), while 65% had at least major inconsistencies (study objective, hypothesis, study design, primary outcome measures, sample size, statistical analysis, results, SD/CI).
Therefore, a composite outcome measure that reflects the core domains of the labor and birth based on the women's experience and combines these domains into one utility score would solve the problem of separate outcome presentation [ 10].
We presented choices between two money wheels that varied in expected value and their potential to evoke the extremes of emotion (e.g., regret/relief) at the time of outcome presentation.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04919.013 Finally, we were intrigued by the apparent retrieval of only the late (400 ms) and not the early (200 ms) component of the Si representation during outcome presentation.
