Percent variance was used to determine the degree to which the outcome net savings was sensitive to the values of each input parameter and to determine which input parameter had the greatest impact on net savings.
CEACs were constructed by first calculating a series of net benefits for each individual, using the following formula, where λ represents how much value a decision-maker may place on one additional unit of outcome: Net benefit = λ × outcome - cost We did this for λ values ranging between 0 to 50,000 Euros (in 10,000 Euro increments).
ESR allows the distribution of the endogenous treatment (participation in dairy hubs) and outcomes (net returns and yields) to be specified using a latent factor structure, thereby differentiating between selection on unobservables and selection on observables (Deb and Trivedi 2006).
Using a quasi-experimental design based on pre- and post-intervention surveys of high school seniors in program and non-program schools, we find a significant WSA effect on educational outcomes, net of the demographic and socioeconomic composition of students across schools.
The cost-effectiveness ratio (the incremental costs and effects of adding micronutrients to ORS) was calculated as the difference in costs between the two alternatives (net costs) divided by the difference in health outcomes (net effectiveness) [ 19].
Some studies that have controlled for other early life stressors suggest there may indeed be something intrinsic about fathers that matters since father absence remains associated with their children's reproductive outcomes net of these controls (Ellis et al. 2003; Maestripieri et al. 2004; Quinlan 2003; Sheppard and Sear 2012).
On the one hand, better socio-economic circumstances in neighbourhoods are related to, among other factors, higher quantity and quality of neighbourhood institutional resources and more supportive family and neighbourhood social processes, which results in better child and adolescent outcomes net of the influence of socio-economic factors at the family level.
One can then distinguish three different outcomes: 1) financial outcomes (profits, net margin, market share), 2) organizational outcomes (productivity, quality, efficiency, client satisfaction) and 3) HR outcomes (employees' attitudes and behaviour) [ 7].
The use of HR practices is related to improved financial outcomes (measure: net margin), organizational outcomes (measure: client satisfaction) and HR outcomes (measure: sickness absence).
But the outcome, the net result, was one that few can legitimately argue was not deserved.
The primary outcome is net change in systolic Bp from baseline to month 18 between intervention and control groups among hypertensive study participants.
