General practices register these outcomes continuously during the study period in the GP Information System and data are extracted for each patient after 18-months follow-up.
The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study demonstrated that the risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes continuously increases as a function of maternal glycemia at 24 28 weeks even within ranges previously considered normal for pregnancy (6).
The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study (13), a large-scale (∼25,000 pregnant women) multinational epidemiologic study, demonstrated that risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes continuously increased as a function of maternal glycemia at 24 28 weeks, even within ranges previously considered normal for pregnancy.
The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study (32), a large-scale (∼25,000 pregnant women) multinational epidemiologic study, demonstrated that risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes continuously increased as a function of maternal glycemia at 24 28 weeks, even within ranges previously considered normal for pregnancy.
Results of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes study (13), a large-scale (∼25,000 pregnant women) multinational epidemiologic study, demonstrated that risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes continuously increased as a function of maternal glycemia at 24 28 weeks, even within ranges previously considered normal for pregnancy.
Conducting an outcome evaluation continuously from the beginning will help to better understand the dynamics of the change process and to prevent evaluation results from being subject to hindsight biases.
The CPO evaluation model assumes that changes in outcomes happen continuously as a result of the change process induced by the continuous implementation process; therefore the CPO model depicts evaluation of proximate, intermediate, and distal outcomes in a separate box of the CPO model.
Yet, they also have limitations, and are unlikely to create a healthcare system that optimises outcomes and continuously improves; indeed, patient harm continues seemingly unabated.
A Carnegie spokeswoman, Mary Murrin, said in a statement that the company used "the data from all studies with varying outcomes to continuously improve our programs".
For patients remaining in care, outcomes improved continuously and substantially, with all differences between baseline and 5 years statistically significant (P < 0.05) and continued significant improvement between year 3 and year 5.
