The commission also stated that the company's prostate-related claims relied on a study that itself notes uncertainty as to whether the outcomes cited by the company were relevant as an indication of clinical benefit.
One of the outcomes cited in several studies of hypnotic use that was not collected by the WHI was suicide.
Mayne's [ 9] broader approach to Contribution Analysis seeks to achieve what Hendricks calls a 'plausible association', whereby a 'reasonable person, knowing what has occurred in the programme and that intended outcomes actually occurred, agrees that the programme contributed to those outcomes' (cited in [ 9]).
The National Transition Support Team and the Centre for Excellence and Outcomes cite Yilts as an example of good practice.
Womersley said a lot of the science funded by STFC was long-term or unpredictable in its practical outcomes, citing examples such as superconducting magnets for medical imaging, and the world wide web.
Proponents claim that regionalization improves outcomes, citing literature demonstrating a positive relationship between case volumes and outcomes [ 8- 13].
The manufacturer did not include any long-term outcomes, citing limited information on long-term mortality rates for the E-vita open plus and the comparators.
It has been suggested that robust epidemiological investigations have shown that thresholds are not generally observed for noncancer outcomes, citing studies of radiation, secondhand tobacco smoke, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, PM, ozone, and lead (White et al., 2009).
The authors suggested that language difficulties and late presentation to antenatal care were also barriers to better pregnancy outcomes, citing the findings of the 2001 CEMD report chapter on cardiac disease [ 24].
16 For example, Provan and Milward 17 note the scarcity of comparative network data that are tied to outcomes, citing work by Lehman et al 18 and Provan and Milward, 19 while Provan and Kenis 20 highlight the critical role of network governance and its impact on network effectiveness.
