In terms of our examples, being equally more attractive than one's competitors enhances positive outcomes by the same amount whether the competitors are bad- or good-looking.
To assess whether the association between our signature and metastasis-free survival was specific in the NKI295 cohort, we generated 1,000 random signatures of equal size to the HIS (that is, lists of randomly picked 76 genes) and tested their association with outcome by using the same method as detailed earlier.
We took this approach as often there are multiple models known by a single name (e.g. Framingham Risk Score), multiple models for the same or similar outcome developed by the same authors and models get updated or refined.
If we assume that each allele or haplotype increases the outcome risk by the same OR, then with allele frequencies in the range of 0.40 0.50 in controls, and with the highest observed numbers of alleles in table 1, an OR>1.71 would be found significant with >80% power in a two-tailed Fisher's exact test at the α=0.05 level.
To our knowledge, this represents the first example in primates of diametrically opposite metabolic and behavioral outcomes mediated by the same signaling pathway via spatial compartmentalization.
In essence, this study clearly shows that important differences exist between residues' orientation and electrostatic forces established in these TCR/pMHCII complexes, which are associated with two different immunological outcomes induced by the same peptide in slightly different variants of the same HLA-DRβ1*04 allele.
VLDL cholesterol produced similar outcomes, probably by the same mechanisms, since VLDL cholesterol is mainly composed by triglycerides.
Similarly, no statistically significant differences were noted at the p < 0.05 level between the two groups when birth outcomes reported by the same mother were considered as independent (Table 1).
Finally, we investigated the association of treatment induced change in triglycerides concentrations with clinical outcomes by using the same approach as for high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
