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Where Dr. Naugle has studied grouse, there is 25 percent mortality during outbreak years.
The gypsy moth is an invasive insect that, in outbreak years, can defoliate hundreds of thousands of acres of Connecticut's forest.
The outbreak — years after the disease was effectively eliminated — has revived a debate about whether public health officials are losing to "anti-vaxxers" when it comes to the well-established science supporting both the safety and efficacy of the measles vaccination.
In order to determine 'year of first outbreak', we used a published list of reported outbreak years [2].
The wolf-pup data suggested low rates of seroconversion between the discrete outbreak years of 1999, 2002, and 2005.
The same pattern has been documented for root-boring Lepidoptera, not included in this study, and for Euxoa cutworms in two outbreak years [31].
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But those numbers pale in comparison to what the state had experienced by this time in 2014, the last outbreak year.
The ORF23/24 variable region was only significantly related to 'first outbreak year', and not to 'distance from Taiwan' (Table 2).
However, the data points from later outbreaks ('first outbreak year' >1996) might strongly influence the parameter estimates, due to the apparent attenuation of genome shrinkage.
A Jonckheere-Terpstra test demonstrated that the ORF14/15 variable-region deletion size was not significantly related to 'first outbreak year' or 'distance from Taiwan' (Table 2).
Causal factors for an outbreak year and associated geographic distribution are not yet understood.
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