During the SARS outbreak, for example, propagation of redundant information and panic prompted reactions that were out of proportion to the risk posed by the disease (23 ).
What we are interested in is the condition under which the epidemic propagation outbreaks.
These findings can facilitate the understanding of the varying roles and impact individuals have on the population, which can further shed light on the prediction and prevention of epidemic outbreaks, or information propagation.
Clearly, this hypothesis is difficult to prove, since a constellation of host, environmental, and pathogen-specific factors in Mecca during the 2000 Hajj likely contributed to propagation of the outbreak strain; we were unable to identify the specific causative factors for this outbreak.
Propagation of the outbreak could be explained by the close and continued physical contact between residents and staff, facilitating transmission, with the high rate of nasal colonization in residents serving as an independent risk factor for MRSA infection (33– 33).
A number of public health risks associated with the exotic pet trade were observed at facility A. Prairie dogs were crowded in large bins, allowing unnaturally close contact and propagation of the outbreak through cannibalism.
Health care delivery settings play major roles in the propagation of EVD outbreaks [ 3].
In South Africa, the impala (Aepyceros melampus) has been shown to play a potentially significant role in the propagation of FMD outbreaks between livestock and wildlife [ 19].
Second, the current researches on the outbreak of virus or the risk of propagation focus on the threshold infection rate.
News of the outbreak led to international anxiety and the propagation of unofficial outbreak reports or disease rumors (3 ).
