Oral rehydration, antimicrobials, and intravenous fluids are proven to save lives in outbreaks, and prevention measures such as vaccination and improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) reduce endemic diarrheal disease incidence (Bhutta et al., 2013, Santosham et al., 2010).
These data can in turn be used to develop and evaluate sapovirus disease management guidelines and sapovirus outbreak prevention and control measures.
Because identification and investigation of such outbreaks provides insight into effective prevention measures during the production process, detection should enable containment of viral foodborne infection and thus prevent further spread and the consequent potential for large numbers of human infections.
Detection of Pontiac fever is a marker of an environmental contamination by Legionella and should thereby call for prevention measures in order to prevent outbreak of Legionnaire's disease.
Having this valuable information during real-time outbreak situations would improve infection control and prevention measures by elucidating the start and extent of the outbreak, confirming possible transmission routes and identifying most probable sources.
Hospital policy must ensure that adequate prevention measures are instituted in outbreak situations.
Determining risk factors for infection to target prevention measures during an ongoing outbreak is challenging, and public health authorities often cannot wait for results of epidemiologic studies before acting.
Therefore, continuous efforts, including further studies on FMD outbreaks, are crucial to improve containment and prevention measures against FMD.
In an outbreak in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2014 involving multiple health care facilities, 255 laboratory-confirmed MERS cases were documented during a 2-month period, but intensified infection prevention measures in hospitals terminated that outbreak (6, 7 ).
Studies should be conducted to determine the potential risk for continued sporadic and clustered outbreaks of CCHF in humans and to identify prevention measures.
