The mortality was low also at this outbreak, but morbidity was higher, and the weight development was more affected.
On farms outbreaks of PWD can occur suddenly and during outbreaks the morbidity may be over 50% among weaned piglets [ 14, 15].
While in sheep and goats IKC usually appears in form of transitory blindness causing little concern and economic consequences, pathogenicity to wild species is generally high though variable, causing outbreaks with morbidity and mortality up to 30% [ 1].
In Thailand, during the outbreak years, proportionate morbidity exceeded the mean 1997 2006 proportionate morbidity for all months except January.
We show that IGI outbreaks are common among shipboard personnel and that further studies are needed to ascertain etiology, scope, as well as contributing factors that increase outbreak risk and morbidity.
To implement effective measures against future novel infectious disease outbreaks, differences in morbidity and mortality rates among age groups and between the sexes will need to be considered, as well as the age- and sex-specific dynamics of infection.
The Influenza A pandemic H1N1 2009 (H1N1pdm) virus appeared in India in May 2009 and thereafter outbreaks with considerable morbidity and mortality have been reported from many parts of the country.
Monitoring high-risk populations such as recruits for emergence of potentially virulent strains could lead to early interventions that may prevent outbreaks and reduce morbidity.
So called hypervirulent strains of C. difficile have emerged internationally, and more recently in Australia, and are responsible for causing hospital outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality [ 2, 20, 24- 26].
Influenza A virus, the cause of annual flu outbreaks with significant morbidity and mortality, shows a wide degree of disease phenotype variation across human populations (Li et al. 2009; Mallia and Johnston 2007; To et al. 2010; Tsalik et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2008), including clear differences in transcriptional profiles after infection (Zaas et al. 2009).
