Whether multiple contacts of infected rats with the monkeys contributed to the outbreak or monkey-to-monkey transmission occurred efficiently is not clear.
The keeping of prairie dogs is common in the United States, and indirectly led in 2003 to an outbreak of monkey pox in the State of Wisconsin.
Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral disease, was first recognized in 1957 in Shimoga District, India, when an outbreak in monkeys in Kyasanur Forest was followed by an outbreak of hemorrhagic febrile illness in humans (1 ).
We know that in Central Africa, the location of all previous EVD outbreaks, several monkey species, chimpanzees, gorillas, baboons, duikers and fruit bats have been found to be infected with Ebola virus during trapping studies.
With no history of human yellow fever in the outbreak zone, the monkey population must be adequate to support continued circulation of the virus in the sylvatic cycle.
On a narrative level this comes on like an appropriately accelerated cross between Roger Spottiswoode's super-serious TV movie And the Band Played On and Wolfgang Petersen's ridiculous rogue monkey thriller Outbreak, with a healthy dose of pot-boiling double-crossing thrown in for good measure.
(I'm starting to think about Betsy, the capuchin monkey of "Outbreak" here!).
A CPXV named calpox virus was isolated from a lethal orthopox virus (OPV) outbreak in New World monkeys.
It remains to be seen if wild animals become a source of monkey pox outbreaks in years to come.
After an M. bovis outbreak in rhinoceroses and monkeys at a zoo in Louisiana, 7 animal handlers, previously negative for tuberculosis, had positive test results (35 ).
