This approach facilitates generation of high-resolution images of the liver, particularly out-of-plane resolution, with the ability to generate near isotropic voxel sizes in the order of 2.0 2.5 mm.
Scans were acquired from the fixed heart with an in-plane resolution of 43 × 43 μm and an out-of-plane resolution of 36 μm.
The measured velocity represents some average velocity of the tracer particles in the observation region, zv, as defined by the out-of-plane resolution of the measurement, zp.
In a μPIV experiment, the whole flow field is illuminated, and the focal depth of the microscope objective sets the out-of-plane resolution of the measurement.
A limiting factor in 3D analysis of cardiac MR cross-sections is the low out-of-plane resolution of the acquired images.
As explained earlier, the out-of-plane resolution of the measurement was set by the visible region depth, zv approximately 310 ± 50 nm.
The evanescent wave-based PIV technique, also known as nanoparticle image velocimetry (nPIV), is an extension of nPIV which can substantially improve the out-of-plane resolution of the measurements close to the wall[22].
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This novel technique uses evanescent illumination in the solid fluid interface to measure near-wall velocity field with an out-of-plane resolution on the order of O(100 nm).
However, the spatial, out-of-plane resolution of their work was from 4 to 30 μm and could not capture the flow velocities in the region very close to the wall.
